By Stephen Lazar, on December 2nd, 2011
My big project for the year was to start a Critical Friends Group for small school Social Studies teachers in NYC. The Critical Friends Group has had three formal meetings at this point, and has taken on a powerful life of its own. Of the 12 members initially recruited, seven have been at all three sessions; where a very strong supportive, yet critical, community is developing. Our last two meetings have included outstanding work from members of the group. At the first, my co-organizer and myself presented, and last Monday, two of the other members of the group shared. Two presenters brought their curriculum maps: one looking for general feedback, the other looking for ideas on how to serve the top third and bottom third of his students better (in a classroom of two teachers with 50 students, adding the opportunity for creative solutions). Another ran a PD session that he is considering doing for wider audiences, and I brought in student work to get suggestions on helping my students move to deeper levels of understanding.
It’s been inspiring to see the work that other great teachers are doing, and it’s pushed me to think deeper about a lot of things, particularly the essential questions I use for historical inquiry. At the same time, our group has not been shy about offering critical feedback, and it seems that all four presenters have left with strong suggestions for improving their work. It’s the latter that has excited me the most, and seemingly other members as well.
The past meeting added a new level to the group that I had not thought of, but bodes well for its future. Both presenters brought collaborators with them. For the group to be sustainable, I think it will be imperative to organically bring in fresh blood in this manner. One of the guests is teaching at the iSchool, which is doing some really innovative things (here is the class she talked about), and I hope she will join the group permanently to add a very different perspective into the group.
The one area where the group is not developing as I hoped in its writing component. I had a vague idea of reflective writing being a part of it that never really crystalized. Given the value of teacher’s time, I am wondering if it might be worth scrapping that component, or if its worth further research to make it more valuable. It is also worth noting that we write for the first 30 minutes of our meetings, which a significant number of participants miss because of their travel time to our meetings.
By Stephen Lazar, on November 29th, 2011
I had great conversations that carried into today after the Black Friday lesson I did with them yesterday. We spent the second half of today using the Right Question Institute’s Question Formulation Technique to move further with deeper inquiry into the issues raised by this lesson and to help us answer our essential questions for the unit: How democratic is the US? & Does my vote count?
My students came up with some incredible questions, which means I’m feeling pretty overwhelmed with even beginning to think about how to move forward. I’m leaning towards letting them make that decision (democratically) tomorrow. Here are their questions, which I’ve categorized.
Questions about Democracy
- How democratic does the government consider itself?
- What makes something democratic?
- Is democratic being liberal or conservative?
- If we have democracy do we have to be socialists?
- What makes the US democratic?
- If our government is capitalist, how can we expect the government to be democratically successful?
- Can the US be democratic without a capitalistic system?
Questions about Voting
- Why would a democracy want an electoral college?
- How much of the 99% votes?
- Can my vote get canceled out?
- Are certain votes rules out?
- What happens when we can’t decide with votes?
- What limitations do voters face?
- Should the US give workers a voice?
- Do only rich people’s votes count?
- Who is in charge of making votes count?
- Whose vote really counts?
- Does the rich vote count more?
- Does age matter when talking about voting?
- How does capitalism play into voting?
- What are the demographics of voters?
- How does the voting system work?
- Does the youth vote actually count?
- Do you think at the age of 18 you are capable of making decisions that can effect the US?
- Why would the people that usually don’t vote be motivated to vote?
- Do you think when our generation votes our type of government will change?
Questions about how the Government Works
- Where is the government when these events happen?
- How is the government run through parties?
- Is the country more liberal or conservative?
- Who declares if the country is Republican or Democratic?
- Should a state be labeled Democratic or Republican?
- How can a president change his political views during his presidency?
- How does the democratic government work in the US?
- How much power should one person have in a government?
Questions about History
- Was it necessary for capitalism or democracy to come first for the second one to happen?
- Does capitalism cause democracy?
- What was the first type of government the US had?
Questions about Laws
- Why is pepper spray legal when police use it?
- Why didn’t the government get involved with the aggressive shoppers?
- Why is it okay for shoppers to camp out and not for protesters?
- Why is it okay for cops to pepper spray people in NY if pepper spray is illegal?
- What laws are they making?
Questions about the Police
- If people are allowed to protest, why do police attack protesters for protesting?
- Should police officers think about the rights of others?
- How are citizens affected by police decisions?
- Why do you think cops think they can do whatever they want?
- Why did cops think it was right to pepper spray innocent protestors?
Questions about Values
- Why is violence accepted during shopping by non-violent protesters are arrested for being democratic?
- Why are they worried about safety when it comes to protesting but every year a person gets hurt during Black Friday sales and they don’t stop that?
- How do the conflicts between capitalism and democracy affect the nation?
- How can we balance the ideals of democracy and capitalism?
- What brings more conflict to the US, capitalism or democracy?
General Questions
- Do the majority fully agree?
- Is “the younger you are, the less you know” really true?
- Can we manage to have safer Black Fridays?
Questions about Economics
- Why is it better for business to be privatized?
- What would the US economy be with a Communist government?
- What would you want to pursue other than a capitalist lifestyle?
- What does how much we pay people show the values of our society?
- How do we eliminate poverty without becoming communist?
Question Comparing to Other Places
- Do you think Democracy here is different from anywhere?
- Do you think capitalism is different anywhere else except New York?
- Why hasn’t there been another form of government?
- Which countries are democratic?
- What are the other practices of other democratic countries?
- Is there a way to make our country more democratic?
By Stephen Lazar, on November 26th, 2011
My lesson on Monday will ask students to think about the values of capitalism and democracy through the lens of looking at Black Friday and UC Davis violence. I hope some of the resources will be helpful to others.
Do Now: What is the message that the creator of this image is trying to communicate? What is your reaction to it? (4 minutes)

Ask students to turn to the person next to them and share what they wrote. Then, ask for three volunteers to share what their partner had to say. (6 minutes) Continue reading Resources I’m Using to Talk About Black Friday Violence
By Stephen Lazar, on November 25th, 2011
Tuesday, I went and met with a group of student teachers up at Vassar. I hoped to share with them some of the many reasons that makes what we do the greatest job in the world, though part of me fears that a lot of what I said, particularly about how hard it is to find a teaching job these days, might have overshadowed what makes this job great. So in the spirit of Thanksgiving, here is a list, in no particular order, that highlights just some of the reasons I cannot possibly imagine doing anything else:
- Students come to me excited every morning to ask me if I “saw that on the news last night.”
- I work in an environment where collaboration with my co-workers is always valued more than competition with them.
- Each year, I get to meet and deeply know 100+ new people.
- I didn’t have to work my way up the ladder to do the work I want to do; I’ve been doing that work since day 1.
- Teaching is so intellectually demanding and challenging that it always provides new experiences to keep me interested.
- I get to work with adolescents at the moment when they are defining who they want to be for the rest of their lives, and to help them think about that.
- I get to see Facebook status updates from alumni that thank me for introducing her to Baudrillard so she was the only person who understood it in her class.
- I once got a letter from the worst behaved student I ever had on the day of his graduation thanking me for showing that I cared about him by not letting him get away with the behavior others ignored because they got tired of dealing with him.
- I often find out that a random remark I said off the cuff really stayed with a student.
- I have a job that makes me want to continue to improve constantly.
- I get to be humbled over, over, and over again.
- There are thousands of other people with the same commitment and thoughtfulness that I have working on the same issues.
- I get to help students understand the meaning of democracy.
- I get to help students learn to better express their selves.
- I get to make students complain regularly that their heads hurt because they’ve never used their brain in the way I’m asking them to.
- The letters I occasionally get from other teachers letting me know that my writing has helped or inspired them in some way.
- The letters or comments I get to write thanking other teachers for helping or inspiring me in some way.
- Constantly learning about new ways to be better at what I do.
- Being challenged by my students to learn new things and consider different viewpoints.
- I get to take students to Ellis Island, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and on college trips around the Northeast.
- I can honestly say I love what I do and would not want to do anything else.
By Stephen Lazar, on November 10th, 2011
This is a history-centric follow up to my post asking Who Should Occupy the Classroom?
The Rethinking Schools blog has an interesting post called “Occupy the Curriculum” up, by Bill Bigelow. There, they celebrate responses to the Zinn Education Group’s Facebook page question: what are you teaching now:
Chris Conkling is teaching about “Forced removal of Native Americans/Andrew Jackson.”
Ariela Rothstein is teaching about the “Haitian revolution and the effects of colonialism on the Caribbean.”
Samantha Manchac is teaching about “the early women’s movement” from Chapter 6, “The Intimately Oppressed,” in Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States.
Bigelow celebrates teachers’
defiant “We’ll decide what our students need to learn, not some distant corporation” needs to happen in schools across the country
While I think the re-evaluation of what is taught in history classrooms to include erased and marginalized history is important and necessary, I think those of us who approach things from non-tradiational perspectives miss the point when we ask “what should be taught,” rather than “how should it be taught?” If we teach our students different information in traditional methods, it’s not radical nor transformative; we’re just stuffing a different ideology down students’ throats, and we’re no better than teachers who consider the textbook the curriculum.
Rather, we need classrooms that develop democratic citizens capable of of original, critical thought. I don’t care too much if my students read Zinn. I do care that students in my class could become the next Zinn (or Burke, for that matter).
Radical educators need to ask their selves, “am I a teacher who happens to be radical?” or, “am I a radical educator?” It’s the latter group, who equip students to make their own independent and potentially radical decisions, that give me faith for the future of the world. The former group, who think they’re radical because of what they teach, are just reifying existing power structures.
By Stephen Lazar, on November 8th, 2011
I submitted a piece to the New York Times SchoolBook section that was submitted today on Regents Grading:
The New York State Board of Regents recently decided to change grading regulations to ban teachers from scoring their own students’ state exams. They said it was to prevent cheating.
To any outsider, this seems like a simple decision. However, like too many educational decisions, it is actually a reactionary decision to a relatively small problem that will hurt a large number of students.
Read the rest here, and please join in the conversation in the comment.
By Stephen Lazar, on November 6th, 2011
At the beginning of the year, I set a number of goals for myself, one of which was to reflect on said goals every two months. My first reflections are in italics below.
Teaching
I will improve the way I give feedback to students. Formally, I hope to develop a system to give students feedback about writing that meaningfully a) tells students where they are, b) what they need to do to improve and c) is efficient enough that I can provide frequent and timely feedback to all students. I also need to make sure I am giving informal feedback more frequently to all students. (I hope that moving to a Standards Based Grading system will enable these things to happen organically).
While there have been some road bumps in getting students on board with SBG, I think they are starting to get the hang of it. Thanks to SBG, students are getting clear feedback for each assignment on where they are and how to improve. I need to create better systems to get students to make the effort to revise their work. While still not where I need to be, I am doing better with getting students work back in a timely manner.
Students will have multiple opportunities to rethink and revise their answers to large essential questions throughout each unit, and will also reflect on and revise all major work.
I wrote about this earlier, but I feel like I’m just starting and therefore haven’t really done much major work yet. Students have returned to some essential questions, but with all the time I’ve spent on various current events, there hasn’t been much unity or flow from week-to-week. I planned way too much for the course, and need to start thinking about how to pare things down for next year to focus on only a few questions, while still developing the wide range of citizenship-literacy that students need to thoughtfully and actively participate in our democracy.
I will solicit bi-weekly feedback from my students to ensure they understand why they’re doing what they’re doing, and to give them a voice in what happens in the class.
I’m off on this goal, as I’ve only gotten feedback from my students twice to this point. I’m not thrilled with the form I was using, and will create a new one to use with my students this week.
Leadership
The Social Studies Critical Friends Group will meet once a month, and will be valuable for its participants.
We’ve had two meetings so far, and things seem to be going really well. I got a lot of positive feedback from participants after each the first two meetings, and am excited to see the group continue to develop and grow.
Advisory
100% of my new advisees will either graduate or earn at least ten credits by June.
Fourteen out of fifteen on pace. I have a meeting set up with the family of the fifteenth for next week to come up with a plan to help get him on track.
100% of my advisees will be accepted to college, and will have a plan to pay for it or whatever else they choose to do next year.
Wonderfully, 3 of my 15 students have already achieved this goal. My school is part of something called the Pipeline project for Southern Vermont College, which allows us to choose five students to send there with nearly-full scholarships. I was very excited for three of the five this year to come from my advisory.
Personal / Professional Development
At least once per week, I will write and publish a piece of writing about teaching social studies, be it about my practice or teaching in general.
I’m very excited to be on pace for this goal. This is one I was worried about maintaining, but am happy to have achieved.
Every two months, I will write and publish a self-evaluation of how I am doing on these goals.
Check.
By Stephen Lazar, on November 1st, 2011
I recently joined the Teacher Leaders Network. One of the perks I’m most excited about is the opportunity to write for larger audiences of teachers. Through them, I was able to publish a revised and updated version of my inquiry manifesto on Education Week Teacher.
…But we must also ensure that our high school students gain the skills and knowledge necessary to be critical thinkers and citizens in our democracy. Our world is saturated with media, and students need to learn how to evaluate the information they encounter, based on where it comes from, who is producing it and when, its use of evidence, and its intended audience…
Read the rest here.
By Stephen Lazar, on October 27th, 2011
Cross posted from my Critical Friends Group blog, where our monthly writing prompt was, “What is something you are currently struggling with in your practice?”
As the call for progress reports went out, I found it hard to believe that a quarter of the year was done. I’ve pretty much felt like I’ve been in warm up mode thus far, which among other things, has meant I have yet to begin a project with my students, or any other form of assessment beyond essays and written check-ins. Whereas there has been some inquiry, it has all been bounded, with me doing the research work. I’ve yet to set my students free to come to their own conclusions from their own information. I’m grappling with how to make my Government & Economics course more student-centered and driven.
This has never been a problem for me before. In all previous history courses, I’ve maintained a good balance of a few weeks of content, followed by a few weeks with students doing inquiry-based project work related to the previous weeks’ content (at least until the end of the year, when my class became a test prep factory). I’m having a hard time trying to figure out why this is an issue this year.
Part of me just feels overwhelmed my the sheer amount of information students should know to be active and reasonable democratic citizens in our quasi-capitalist economy. My nature as a history teacher was to reduce what I was supposed to teach (do they really need to understand the Proclamation Line of 1763? I think not), whereas I now find myself thinking expansively about what students should understand (I mean, how could I not help students understand Judith Butler’s theory of gender peformativity when talking about identity). I also find myself embracing the ability to drop everything and discuss current events. Thus far we’ve spent a couple days on Troy Davis, a day on Steve Jobs, and a week on Occupy Wall Street and direct democracy. I feared that this would be something I would not be able to bring myself to do. Perhaps I’ve gone too far, though.
By Stephen Lazar, on October 19th, 2011
My new school has an school-wide interim assessment process for all classes where students are assessed on the same skills three times a year to track growth and inform instruction. Unlike most “data-driven” initiatives, teachers at my school collaborate together to design the assessments and determine levels of performance. The “data” we get from these assessments then is actually valuable in identifying areas where students need support. The Social Studies assessments focus on creating arguments using evidence from documents. My first essay in my government & economics course asked to students to agree or disagree with the statement, “Identities are created by marketing.” The documents I used are here. My reflection follows, with some of the data below it.
Based on the students’ essays on marketing and identity, there is a range of development on different skills. The majority of students write in a way that shows they are college ready, and most of those who do not are close. However, students are showing they are not ready to make valid arguments. Most students know to make arguments, but their generalized claims need to be supported by concrete and specific evidence. They also need to recognize that making a good argument involves recognizing shades of gray and opposing opinions.
The largest area of growth for my class is in sourcing information. Nearly all students presented all or most information carelessly as facts, rather than showing that the information represented perspectives, or worse, came from advertisements. Additionally, students need to learn to group evidence from multiple sources to support their claims, rather than letting the sources dictate the organization of their arguments.
Both needs are already being addressed in my class. We are now practicing sourcing together with every single piece of information that is set forth, be it reading or video. As this concept seems to be entirely new to students, I expect quick improvement. In order to help students learn to group relevant evidence together, I am having them write individual paragraphs where they need to use multiple sources to answer a question. These sources offer differing views, so it also helps students get in the habit of recognizing the multiple complexities or sides of issues we discuss. Just for one example, students this week saw a video showing how direct democracy is being used to make decisions as Occupy Wall Street, but also read an op-ed decrying the state of California’s ballot initiative process.
As we move into looking at politics, students will have even more practice with looking at issues from various sides. The class will rarely focus on what is the right policy stance, but rather, how a policy should be “sold” to different constituencies. Students will participate in a couple of simulations from the Buck Institute where they take on the role of politicians trying to appease various groups on both sides of the aisle.
Notes: Standard areas are in all CAPS, followed by the indicators of that standard. 4=Excelling, 3=Succeeding, 2=Developing, 1=Beginning
|
ARGUMENT |
Controlling Idea |
Supporting Evidence |
Multiplicity |
USING EVIDENCE |
Connections |
Quoting |
SOURCING |
CONTENT |
Outside Info |
Validity |
WRITING |
Organization |
Intro/Conclusion |
Thesis |
| Average |
2.01 |
2.26 |
2.27 |
1.60 |
1.69 |
1.67 |
2.03 |
1.27 |
1.99 |
2.21 |
1.99 |
2.47 |
2.50 |
2.46 |
2.54 |
| Standard Deviation |
0.71 |
0.72 |
0.85 |
0.77 |
0.67 |
0.63 |
0.68 |
0.51 |
0.75 |
0.81 |
0.73 |
0.77 |
0.76 |
0.81 |
0.74 |
| Count: 4 |
1 |
2 |
3 |
1 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
2 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
5 |
| Count: 3 |
15 |
23 |
28 |
9 |
5 |
6 |
14 |
2 |
10 |
23 |
12 |
30 |
31 |
31 |
33 |
| Count: 2 |
38 |
36 |
24 |
21 |
35 |
35 |
41 |
15 |
40 |
30 |
39 |
28 |
28 |
25 |
27 |
| Count: 1 |
16 |
9 |
15 |
39 |
29 |
29 |
14 |
53 |
17 |
14 |
17 |
7 |
6 |
9 |
5 |
|
|
About Me I am a NBPTS Certified Social Studies and English Teacher in Brooklyn. I work with teachers to support Project and Inquiry-Based Learning. My writing on policy and practice has been published on the New York Times, Education Week, and Gotham Schools websites.
You can also follow me on Twitter @SLazarOTC.
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